This article covers the manual method of inserting variables. If you prefer using the Add variable picker in the toolbar, check our dedicated article Personalize your messages with dynamic content (Brevo Template Language).

Use the Brevo Template Language to personalize your messages with contact- or event-specific data, hide or display content to specific recipients, and adjust how values are formatted.

💬 Variables

Variables, also known as placeholders or merge tags, are tags that you can insert into your messages to personalize them. When you send a message, each variable is automatically replaced with the corresponding contact's information.

Variables must be enclosed within double curly brackets, like {{ ... }} or {{...}}. They can be used for simple insertions or combined with conditional statements and filters for advanced personalization.

Variable type	Use case
👤 Contact variables	Static contact attributes (name, email…)
⚡ Event variables	Data from a triggered action
🛢️ Data feed variables	Real-time data from an external source
🛒 Product feed variables	Dynamic product listings
📦 Object variables	Custom object attributes
📅 Date variable	Send timestamp
🔗 Email link and preview variables	Mirror, unsubscribe, update profile, and double opt-in links

👤 Contact variables

Available for:

✅ Email

✅ SMS

✅ WhatsApp

✅ Push

The syntax is {{ contact.ATTRIBUTE }}, where you should replace ATTRIBUTE with the exact name of the contact attribute as it appears on the Contact attributes page. Both default and custom attributes are supported.

For example:

Input	Description	Output
{{ contact.EMAIL }}	Email address (default)	abby@the-green-yoga.com
{{ contact.FIRSTNAME }}	First name (default)	Abby
{{ contact.SMS }}	Phone number (default)	+12152688872
{{ contact.LANGUAGE }}	Language (custom)	English

➡️ To learn more, check our dedicated articles:

⚡ Event variables

Available for:

✅ Email
(triggered only)

✅ SMS
(triggered only)

✅ WhatsApp
(triggered only)

✖️ Push

Event variables let you display data from specific events triggered by a contact's actions, such as the price of their last purchased item or the name of the meeting they booked.

To identify the available variables, check your API call or event logs in Brevo. The examples below are based on the following JSON structure:

💡 Good to know

The root object (data above) is mandatory. All other properties are optional and can be named as needed.

Depending on where your data is stored in the JSON structure, the syntax varies:

⏫ Data stored directly under the root object

Data stored directly under the root object typically contains key event details, such as cart information, and can be retrieved without needing to loop through arrays.

The syntax is {{ params.property }}, where you should replace property with the exact name of the property under the root object in your JSON structure.

Given the JSON structure above:

Input	Description	Output
{{ params.id }}	Cart ID	cart:1234
{{ params.total }}	Cart total	280
{{ params.currency }}	Cart currency	USD
{{ params.url }}	Cart URL	https://www.example.com

↪️ Data accessible from an array under the root object

Arrays stored under the root object, such as the items array above, can contain multiple elements, each with its own properties. Use indexing to reference specific elements, or a for loop to iterate over all of them.

Use indexing to reference specific elements

The syntax for indexing is {{ params.array.index.property }}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

array with the exact name of the array under the root object in your JSON structure.
index with the position of the element you want to reference, starting from 0 for the first element.
property with the exact name of the property within the array element in your JSON structure.

Given the JSON structure above:

Input	Description	Output
{{ params.items.0.name }}	First item name	Black shoes
{{ params.items.1.name }}	Second item name	White shirt

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

💡 Good to know

A for loop is especially useful when the number of items in the array is unknown, such as a list of weekly blog posts or a receipt for purchased products.

The syntax with a for loop is {% for item in params.array %} {{ item.property }} {% endfor %}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

array with the exact name of the array under the root object in your JSON structure.
property with the exact name of the property within the array element in your JSON structure.

Given the JSON structure above:

Input	Description	Output
{% for item in params.items %} {{ item.name }} {% endfor %}	All item names	Black shoes White shirt

Input

Description

Output

{% for item in params.items %} {{ item.name }} {% endfor %}

All item names

Black shoes

White shirt

➡️ To learn more about for loops, check our dedicated article [Manual] Repeat a block of items in your emails using for loops.

🛢️ Data feed variables

Available for:

✅ Email

✅ SMS

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Data feed variables let you pull real-time data from an external source or API directly into your messages. To identify the available variables, go to Settings > Data management > Data feeds and check your source file structure:

Depending on the complexity of your data feed structure, the format varies:

⏫ Data stored directly under the root object

Data stored directly under the root object typically contains the most relevant, immediate entity in your feed, such as the next upcoming event or latest product, and can be retrieved without needing to loop through arrays.

The syntax is {{ feed.feedalias.variable }}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

feedalias with the exact alias name of your data feed, matching the spelling and case as it appears on the Data feeds page.
variable with the specific variable or field name you want to display.

Given the data feed above:

Input	Description	Output
{{ feed.next_yoga_class.class_name }}	Class name	Sunrise Vinyasa
{{ feed.next_yoga_class.studio_location }}	Studio location	Downtown Studio
{{ feed.next_yoga_class.date }}	Class date	2025-03-07
{{ feed.next_yoga_class.time }}	Class time	06:30 AM

↪️ Data accessible from an array under the root object

Arrays stored under the root object can contain multiple elements, each with its own properties. Use indexing to reference specific elements, or a for loop to iterate over all of them.

Use indexing to reference specific elements

The syntax for indexing is {{ feed.feedalias.array.index.variable }}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

feedalias with the exact alias name of your data feed, matching the spelling and case as it appears on the Data feeds page.
array with the name of the array that contains the values for each item.
index with the position of the specific item you want to display, starting from 0 for the first item.
variable with the specific variable or field name you want to display, e.g., name, price, or date.

Given the data feed above:

Input	Description	Output
{{ feed.yoga_classes.following_classes.0.class_name }}	First class name	Power Flow Yoga
{{ feed.yoga_classes.following_classes.1.class_name }}	Second class name	Evening Restorative

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

💡 Good to know

A for loop is especially useful when the number of items in the array is unknown, such as a list of weekly blog posts or a receipt for purchased products.

The syntax with a for loop is {% for item in feed.feedalias.array %} {{ item.variable }} {% endfor %}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

feedalias with the exact alias name of your data feed, matching the spelling and case as it appears on the Data feeds page.
array with the name of the array that contains the values for each item.
variable with the specific variable or field name you want to display, e.g., name, price, or date.

Given the data feed above:

Input	Description	Output
{% for item in feed.yoga_classes.following_classes %} {{ item.class_name }} {% endfor %}	All class names	Power Flow Yoga Evening Restorative Hatha Yoga Basics Yin Yoga & Meditation ...

Input

Description

Output

{% for item in feed.yoga_classes.following_classes %} {{ item.class_name }} {% endfor %}

All class names

Power Flow Yoga

Evening Restorative

Hatha Yoga Basics

Yin Yoga & Meditation

...

➡️ To learn more about for loops, check our dedicated article [Manual] Repeat a block of items in your emails using for loops.

🛒 Product feed variables

Available for:

✅ Email

✅ SMS

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Product feed variables let you display a dynamic list of products from your online store, including details like name, description, prices, images, and availability.

The syntax is {{ feed.feedalias.products.variable }}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

feedalias with the exact name of your product feed, matching the spelling and case as it appears on the Product feeds page.
variable with the field name you want to display.

Given the product feed above:

Input	Description	Output
{{ feed.mats_bestseller.products.imageUrl }}	Product image
{{ feed.mats_bestseller.products.name }}	Product name	Non-slip yoga mat - 6mm
{{ feed.mats_bestseller.products.url }}	Product URL	https://thegreenyoga.com/non-slip/black-mat.html

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

💡 Good to know

A for loop is especially useful when the number of items in the array is unknown, such as a list of weekly blog posts or a receipt for purchased products.

The syntax with a for loop is {% for item in feed.feedalias.products %} {{ item.variable }} {% endfor %}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

feedalias with the exact alias name of your data feed, matching the spelling and case as it appears on the Data feeds page.
variable with the specific variable or field name you want to display, e.g., name, price, or date.

Given the product feed above:

Input	Description	Output
{% for item in feed.mats_bestseller.products %} {{ item.name }} {% endfor %}	All product names	Non-slip yoga mat - 6mm Yoga block - 4inch High waist wide leg yoga pants

Input

Description

Output

{% for item in feed.mats_bestseller.products %}
{{ item.name }}
{% endfor %}

All product names

Non-slip yoga mat - 6mm

Yoga block - 4inch

High waist wide leg yoga pants

➡️ To learn more about for loops, check our dedicated article [Manual] Repeat a block of items in your emails using for loops.

📦 Object variables

Available for:

✅ Email
(automation only)

✅ SMS
(automation only)

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Object variables let you include details about your custom objects or their associated objects in your messages. They can only be used in automations, as they rely on a specific object record being the automation trigger.

To build object variables, you will need the object name and attribute IDs from the Custom objects settings page. Depending on which data you want to display, the syntax varies:

Object data

Object data variables let you display attributes from the custom object record that triggered the automation, such as a quote amount or creation date.

The syntax is {{ feed.object.attributes.variable }}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

object with the singular name of your custom object as defined when you created it.
variable with the attribute ID you want to display, e.g., name, amount, or date. You can find attribute IDs by clicking the object name from the Custom objects settings page.

Given a quote object with attributes amount, date, id_quote, and paid:

Input	Description	Output
{{ feed.quote.attributes.amount }}	Quote amount	350
{{ feed.quote.attributes.date }}	Quote creation date	2025-03-29T00:04:11+00:00
{{ feed.quote.attributes.paid }}	Payment status	true
{{ feed.quote.attributes.id_quote }}	Quote ID	OQPPBDCSSZQ9

Associated object data

Associated object data variables let you display attributes from objects linked to the custom object that triggered the automation. Use indexing to reference specific records, or a for loop to iterate over all of them.

Use indexing to reference specific elements

The syntax for indexing syntax is {{ feed.object.associations.associatedobject.index.variable }}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

object with the singular name of your custom object as defined when you created it.
associatedobject with the singular name of your associated object found under the Associations tab when selecting a custom object from the Custom objects settings page.
index with the position of the associated object record you want to display, starting from 0 for the first record.
variable with the attribute ID you want to display, found under the Associations tab when selecting a custom object from the Custom objects settings page.

Given a quote object associated with vehicle records containing a brand attribute:

Input	Description	Output
{{ feed.quote.associations.vehicle.0.brand }}	First vehicle brand	Renault
{{ feed.quote.associations.vehicle.1.brand }}	Second vehicle brand	Toyota

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

💡 Good to know

A for loop is especially useful when the number of items in the array is unknown, such as a list of weekly blog posts or a receipt for purchased products.

The syntax with a for loop is {% for item in feed.object.associations.associatedobject %} {{ item.variable }} {% endfor %}, where you should replace each placeholder as follows:

object with the singular name of your custom object as defined when you created it.
associatedobject with the singular name of your associated object found under the Associations tab when selecting a custom object from the Custom objects settings page.
variable with the attribute ID you want to display, found under the Associations tab when selecting a custom object from the Custom objects settings page.

Given a quote object associated with vehicle records containing a brand attribute:

Input	Description	Output
{% for item in feed.quote.associations.vehicle %} {{ item.brand }} {% endfor %}	Brand of all associated vehicle records	Renault Toyota Audi ...

Input

Description

Output

{% for item in feed.quote.associations.vehicle %}
{{ item.brand }}
{% endfor %}

Brand of all associated vehicle records

Renault

Toyota

Audi

...

➡️ To learn more about for loops, check our dedicated article [Manual] Repeat a block of items in your emails using for loops.

📅 Date variable

Available for:

✅ Email

✅ SMS

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Inserts a timestamp of the exact date and time the message was sent, based on your Brevo account's timezone. Defaults to UTC if no timezone is set.

The syntax is {{ time_now }}.

For example:

Input	Description	Output
Today is {{ time_now }}	Full timestamp	Today is 2025-03-11 15:10:20.823713502 +0100 CET
Today is {{ time_now \|date:"Monday, Jan 2, 2006" }}	Formatted date using the date filter	Today is Tuesday, Mar 11, 2025

➡️ To learn more about adjusting the formatting of dates, check our dedicated article Modify the formatting of your placeholders with filters.

🔗 Email link and preview variables

Available for:

✅ Email

✖️ SMS

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Place these variables inside an HTML <a> tag to let recipients view your email in a browser, unsubscribe, or manage their preferences.

The following email link and preview variables are available:

Input	Description	Output
<a href="{{ mirror }}">View in browser</a>	Mirror link	View in browser
If you'd no longer <a href="{{ unsubscribe }}">Unsubscribe</a>	Unsubscribe link	Unsubscribe
<a href="{{ update_profile }}">Update your preferences</a>	Profile update link	Update your preferences
<a href="{{ doubleoptin }}">I confirm my subscription</a>	Double opt-in link	I confirm my subscription

➡️ To learn more, check our dedicated articles:

📢 Conditional statements

Available for:

✅ Email

✖️ SMS

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Conditional display (if statements)

Use an if statement to show or hide parts of an email based on each recipient’s data.

➡️ To learn more, check our dedicated article [Manual] Show or hide content in your emails using if statements.

Repeatable sections (for loops)

Use a for loop to dynamically display all elements in an array, without manually referencing each index.

➡️ To learn more, check our dedicated article [Manual] Repeat a block of items in your emails using for loops.

🪄 Filters

Available for:

✅ Email

✅ SMS

✖️ WhatsApp

✖️ Push

Filters modify the output of a variable and are placed inside the double brackets, separated by a pipe |. Multiple filters can be chained together.

For example:

Input	Description	Output
{% for item in feed.yoga_classes.following_classes\|slice:'0:3' %}	Limits the number of items to display in a for loop	Power Flow Yoga Evening Restorative Hatha Yoga Basics
{{ contact.FIRSTNAME\|upper }}	Converts the recipient’s first name to uppercase (originally: Abby).	ABBY
{{ params.TOTAL\|floatformat:2 }}	Displays the cart total with two decimal places (originally: 49.995).	49.99
{{ time_now\|date:"02/01/2006" }}	Formats the current date as dd/MM/yyyy (originally: 2025-03-11 15:10:20.823713502 +0100 CET).	11/03/2025

➡️ To learn more, check our dedicated article Modify the formatting of your placeholders with filters.

🤔 Have a question?

If you have a question, feel free to contact our support team by creating a ticket from your account. If you don't have an account yet, you can contact us here.

If you’re looking for help with a project using Brevo, we can match you with the right certified Brevo Agency partner.

[Manual] Personalize your messages with dynamic content (Brevo Template Language)

💬 Variables

👤 Contact variables

⚡ Event variables

Use indexing to reference specific elements

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

🛢️ Data feed variables

Use indexing to reference specific elements

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

🛒 Product feed variables

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

📦 Object variables

Use indexing to reference specific elements

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

📅 Date variable

🔗 Email link and preview variables

📢 Conditional statements

Conditional display (if statements)

Repeatable sections (for loops)

🪄 Filters

🤔 Have a question?

💬 Was this article helpful?

Search

[Manual] Personalize your messages with dynamic content (Brevo Template Language)

💬 Variables

👤 Contact variables

⚡ Event variables

Use indexing to reference specific elements

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

🛢️ Data feed variables

Use indexing to reference specific elements

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

🛒 Product feed variables

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

📦 Object variables

Use indexing to reference specific elements

Use a for loop to iterate over all elements

📅 Date variable

🔗 Email link and preview variables

📢 Conditional statements

Conditional display (if statements)

Repeatable sections (for loops)

🪄 Filters

🤔 Have a question?

💬 Was this article helpful?